R-Type Delta is viewed from the side. The objective is to survive a sequence of scrolling stages, destroy enemies and installations, collect power-ups, and defeat large end-of-stage bosses. Players control speed, positioning, the main weapon, and the detachable Force pod while avoiding terrain and projectiles.

The Force can be fired forward or backward and detached to block attacks or strike enemies. The main fighter can charge a stronger shot, and different weapon pickups alter the Force's attack pattern. Several ships are available, and the game uses branching routes and performance-based progression to provide different stage paths.

Learn each stage's enemy entrances, terrain hazards, and boss patterns rather than relying on continuous firing alone. Keep the Force positioned where it can absorb bullets or cover the direction of the next attack, and charge the Wave-Cannon during safe openings.

Preserve lives for unfamiliar bosses, use speed changes sparingly, and choose a ship whose weapon suits the route. Replaying completed stages is useful for learning scoring opportunities and the conditions that lead to alternate paths.